Muri iki gihe, plastike ni kimwe mu bikoresho dukoresha cyane buri munsi https://www.tgtextrusion.com/amakuru/amakuru-plastike-cyerekezo-machine/ubuzima. Imikoreshereze yacyo iratandukanye ku buryo ari imwe mu itanga imyanda myinshi. Ikintu cyabaye ikibazo gikomeye nimpungenge kurwego rwisi.
Turayikoresha kandi tuvuga kubyerekeye gutekereza ku mikoreshereze yayo, ariko mubyukuri turabizi neza? Muri iyi ngingo, turasobanura ibintu bimwe byingenzi bya plastiki.
Kode zitandukanye kuri plastiki
Ari mumacupa, kontineri, gupfunyika, nibindi bintu bya buri munsi. Plastike irahuze nkuko isubirwamo. Mugukoresha plastike ukoresha burimunsi, urashobora kugabanya ingaruka zawe kubidukikije no gufasha ubucuruzi kugabanya ibiciro. Ariko, ntabwo ubwoko bwose bwa plastiki bwaremewe kimwe. Umubare uri mu kimenyetso cyongera gukoreshwa ku bikoresho bya pulasitiki, bizwi ku izina rya SPI Code, bitanga amakuru menshi yerekeye umutekano n’ibinyabuzima bya buri bwoko bwa plastiki. Gusobanukirwa aya ma code bizagufasha kumenya gutandukanya ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mugutunganya. Kubisobanuro byihuse, dore reba vuba kode zitandukanye:
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE cyangwa PET)
Umuvuduko mwinshi Polyethylene (HDPE)
Polyvinyl Chloride (P cyangwa PVC)
Polyethylene (LDPE)
Polypropilene (PP)
Polystirene (PS)
Amashanyarazi atandukanye
Ø PETE cyangwa PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): Byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu 1940, plastike ya PET ikunze kuboneka mu macupa y'ibinyobwa, ibiryo byangirika ndetse no koza umunwa. Plastike isobanutse ya PET isanzwe ifatwa nkumutekano, ariko irashobora gukuramo impumuro nziza nuburyohe buturuka kubiribwa n'amazi yabitswe. Birashobora kandi guteza akaga iyo uhuye nubushyuhe, nkaho icupa ryamazi risigaye mumodoka ishyushye. Igihe kirenze, ibi birashobora gutuma Antimony isohoka muri plastiki no mumazi. Kubwamahirwe, plastiki ziroroshye gukoreshwa, kandi ibihingwa byinshi byongera kubyemera, kubijugunya neza biroroshye. PET plastike yongeye gukoreshwa mubitapi, ibikoresho, na fibre kumyenda yimbeho.
Ø HDPE (High Density Polyethylene): Bumwe mu bwoko bushya bwa plastiki, HDPE bwakozwe bwa mbere mu myaka ya za 1950 na Karl Ziegler na Erhard Holzkamp. HDPE ni plastiki ikunze gukoreshwa cyane kandi isanzwe ifatwa nkumutekano kubiribwa na FDA. Kubera imiterere yimbere, HDPE irakomeye cyane kuruta PET, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa neza. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kubintu bizabikwa cyangwa bikoreshwa hanze, kuko bikora neza haba mubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bukonje. Ibicuruzwa bya HDPE bifite ibyago bike cyane byo kwinjira mubiribwa cyangwa mumazi. Uzasangamo iyi plastike mumasafuriya yamata, igituba cya yogurt, ibikoresho byoza ibikoresho, amacupa yoza umubiri nibindi bicuruzwa bisa. Ibikinisho byinshi byabana, intebe za parike, inkono zo gutera, nu miyoboro nabyo bikozwe muri HDPE. HDPE isubirwamo ikozwe mu ikaramu, ibiti bya pulasitike, uruzitiro rwa pulasitike, ameza ya picnic n'amacupa.
Ø V cyangwa PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): Yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu 1838, ni imwe muri plastiki za kera. Bizwi kandi nka Vinyl, PVC ni plastiki isanzwe itangira gukomera, ariko igahinduka iyo hiyongereyeho plastike. PVC iboneka mu ikarita y'inguzanyo, gupfunyika ibiryo, imiyoboro y'amazi, amabati, amadirishya n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, PVC ni gake ikoreshwa. Plastiki ya PVC irimo imiti yangiza ifitanye isano n'indwara zitandukanye, zirimo indwara z'amagufwa n'umwijima n'ibibazo by'iterambere mu bana no ku bana. Shira ibintu bya PVC kure y'ibiryo n'ibinyobwa. Porogaramu yihariye itunganya PVC mu igorofa, ikibaho hamwe n'inzira zo kumuhanda kugirango tuvuge bike.
DP LDPE (Polyethylene nkeya): LDPE ifite imiterere yoroshye ya plastiki zose, byoroshye kubyara umusaruro. Niyo mpamvu ikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwinshi bwimifuka. Plastike isukuye cyane kandi itekanye, LDPE iboneka no mubintu byo murugo nko gupfunyika plastike, ibikoresho byafunzwe bikonje hamwe nuducupa twavunitse. Porogaramu nyinshi zo gutunganya ibintu zitangiye kwakira plastike ya LDPE, ariko biracyagoye kuyitunganya. LDPE isubirwamo ikozwe mubintu nkimyanda yimyanda, imbaho, ibikoresho, hasi no gupfunyika.
PP (Polypropilene): Yavumbuwe mu ruganda rwa peteroli mu 1951, PP irakomeye, irakomeye kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ifatwa kandi nka plastiki itekanye, kandi kubwibyo, iboneka muri tupperware, ibice byimodoka, amakoti yubushyuhe, ibikoresho bya yogurt, ndetse nimpapuro zishobora gukoreshwa. Mugihe ishobora gutunganywa, irajugunywa kure cyane. Iyo itunganijwe neza, ihinduka ibintu biremereye nka pallets, ibisigazwa bya barafu, rake hamwe ninsinga za batiri. Porogaramu nyinshi zo gusubiramo zemera PP.
Ø PS (Polystyrene): PS, cyangwa Styrofoam, yavumbuwe n'impanuka mu Budage mu 1839. Nibihendutse kandi byoroshye kurema, kandi biboneka ahantu hose. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ntabwo ari umutekano kuko Styrofoam izwiho kuba yangiza imiti yangiza, cyane cyane iyo ishyushye, ndetse no kuyikoresha nabi. Kimwe na PP, mubisanzwe birajugunywa kure, nubwo gahunda zimwe zo gusubiramo zishobora kubyemera. PS isubirwamo mubintu bitandukanye birimo insulasiyo, ibikoresho by'ishuri hamwe no gushiraho icyapa.
Plastike zitandukanye: Kode ya SPI 7 ikoreshwa kuri plastiki zose zitari mubundi bwoko 6. Nubwo byinjijwe mubintu bizwi cyane nk'amadarubindi y'izuba, ikariso ya mudasobwa, nylon, disiki ziciriritse n'amacupa y'abana, iyi plastiki irimo imiti y’ubumara ya bispenol A cyangwa BPA. Ntabwo ari akaga gusa, ariko ubu bwoko bwa plastiki nabwo buragoye cyane kubukoresha kuko butavunika byoroshye. Iyo ibimera bitunganyirizwa kubyemera, Plastiki # 7 isubirwamo cyane cyane mubiti bya plastiki nibicuruzwa byihariye.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa plastiki bushobora gukoreshwa?
Kimwe nuko code yashyizwe mubikorwa kugirango itandukanye plastike bitewe nuburyo butandukanye mubigize, bityo, mubigamije, hariho itandukaniro muburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho.
Mubyukuri, hari ubwoko bumwe, nimero 7, budashobora gukoreshwa neza. Byongeye kandi, ibyakozwe nibikoresho bigoye gutandukana, bifite pigment nyinshi cyangwa byangijwe nikirere cyikirere ntibikwiriye no gukoreshwa.
Hariho urutonde rworoshye rwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byubwoko bushiraho "ibirango" bine muriki kibazo: "byoroshye", "birashoboka", "bigoye" na "biragoye cyane".
Ubwoko bwa plastike bwatangwa kuburyo bukurikira:
Byoroshye: PET, HDPE
Birashoboka: LDPE, PP
Biragoye: PS
Biragoye cyane: PVC
Gura Imashini zitunganya plastike muri twe
Kugira imashini itunganya plastike ningirakamaro mugutunganya plastike nka polyethylene, polypropilene na PVC. Mugwaneza mugere kumashini ikora neza kandi ikora neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-26-2022
